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The Guatemala Syphilis Experiments: Forced Infection in a Dark Medical Scandal

Betelgeuse: Orion’s Giant, Uneven Star That Could Someday Explode
The Guatemala Syphilis Experiments: Forced Infection in a Dark Medical Scandal
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English Version

In Part 1, we covered the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, in which subjects were deceived for 40 years. It was an extremely malicious case, and it had a major impact on Black communities in the United States.

But dangerous experiments involving sexually transmitted disease did not end there. In fact, while the Tuskegee study was still underway, another human experiment involving syphilis was being carried out in a different country.

For Part 2 of this dangerous syphilis experiment series, we look at the Guatemala human experiments, in which researchers intentionally increased the number of people infected with syphilis.

What Were the Guatemala Human Experiments?

The Guatemala human experiments came to light in 2010, when an American historian discovered records of them by chance. The experiments were conducted from 1946 to 1948 and focused on syphilis.

Their stated purpose was to test whether penicillin, developed in 1945, was effective against syphilis. The project was carried out through cooperation between Guatemala and the United States. However, Guatemala was left with a grave burden, and the experiment itself was deeply unethical.

Subjects Were Intentionally Infected

The biggest problem with the Guatemala human experiments was that people were deliberately infected with syphilis.

At the time, sexually transmitted diseases were a major concern in the United States. Under American influence, experiments began in Guatemala. In order to conduct the study, researchers needed syphilis patients, so they intentionally infected Guatemalan prisoners, soldiers, and patients in psychiatric hospitals.

In some cases, people were reportedly forced into sexual contact with syphilis patients in order to become infected.

As a result, around 1,300 people were infected, and 83 of them died.

Subjects Were Not Told the Truth

Like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study discussed in Part 1, the Guatemala experiments did not truthfully explain the purpose of the study to the subjects. Instead, they were given false information.

This also created the risk that syphilis could spread to family members or romantic partners.

Even though the experiment was meant to test the effectiveness of penicillin, only some of the infected people received penicillin treatment. In the end, the study failed to produce medically useful information and instead became a worst-case example of increasing the number of syphilis patients through unethical research.

What Happened After the Experiments Were Exposed?

After the experiments were revealed, then-U.S. President Barack Obama, along with the secretary of state and the secretary of health and human services, called the president of Guatemala to apologize.

The United States also began an investigation into the experiments.

However, only a very small number of people were officially recognized by the United States as surviving victims. Other victims have continued to call for recognition.

A Dark Chapter in Syphilis Research

The history of syphilis research contains deeply troubling episodes, including unethical studies such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the Guatemala human experiments.

Of course, it is also true that long-term research helped identify what syphilis is and how it can be treated. But it is chilling to imagine that experiments even more frightening than Tuskegee or Guatemala may still remain hidden.

If such records are ever uncovered, humanity may once again be forced to confront the horror of what was done in the name of medicine.

Reference accessed December 29, 2019: Guatemala human experiments.


Japanese Language

第 1 回は 40 年も被験者を騙し続けたタスキギー梅毒実験について紹介した。非常に悪質な事件であり、アメリカで生活する黒人に対して大きな影響を与えることとなった。しかし、 危険な性病実験 はそれだけでは終わらない。実はタスキギー梅毒実験が行われている最中、別の国で梅毒に関する人体実験が行われていたのだ。危険な梅毒実験シリーズの第 2 回は、 意図的に梅毒患者を増やしたグアテマラ人体実験 について紹介する。グアテマラ人体実験の概要 。。

2010 年にアメリカの歴史学者が偶然見つけたことで明らかになったグアテマラ人体実験とは、 1946 年から 1948 年まで行われた梅毒に関する実験のことである。実験の目的は 1945 年に開発されたペニシリンが梅毒に対して効果があるのか確かめるため。この実験はグアテマラとアメリカが協力して行うものであったが、大きな問題をグアテマラが抱える結果となってしまった上に、実験内容が非倫理的であった。被験者を意図的に感染させた結果… 。。グアテマラ人体実験が持つ最大の問題は、意図的に梅毒を感染させたことだ。

当時のアメリカでは性感染症が大きな問題になっていたことを踏まえて、アメリカの影響下であったグアテマラで実験を開始。実験を行うためには梅毒患者を用意しなければならなかったため、グアテマラの受刑者や兵士、精神病院の患者などに対して、意図的に梅毒を感染させた。中には梅毒の患者を相手に強制的に行為を強要して感染させるというケースもあった。この結果により 1300 名ほどが感染し、そのうち 83 名が死亡した。何も知らなかった被験者たち 。この実験も、第 1 回で紹介したタスキギー梅毒実験同様に被験者に対して実験の目的について真実を伝えずに、嘘の情報を伝えていた。

そのため、家族や恋人に梅毒が感染してしまうという恐れもあった。また、ペニシリンの効果を確かめる実験であるにも関わらず、ペニシリンの接種による治療を行なったのは一部のみ。結果として、医学的に有益な情報を得られずに梅毒患者だけ増やすという最悪の実験になってしまった。グアテマラ人体実験発覚後の対応 。。実験発覚後、すぐに当時のアメリカ大統領であったバラク・オバマと国務長官、そして厚生長官がグアテマラの大統領に電話で謝罪。そして、アメリカでは実験に対する調査が開始された。

しかし、アメリカが認定した「生存被害者」はごく少数であり、他の被害者からは認定を求める声が挙がっている。闇が深い梅毒実験 。。梅毒の実験というのは闇が深いものであり、タスキギー梅毒実験やグアテマラ人体実験のような非倫理的なものも含まれている。もちろん、長い研究によって梅毒の正体や治療法が分かったというのも事実だ。しかし、もしかするとタスキギー梅毒実験やグアテマラ人体実験よりも恐ろしい実験が、まだ隠されているかもしれない。もし見つかった場合には、人類は恐ろしい実験に再度衝撃を受けてしまうことだろう。

参考(アクセス日2019年12月29日)。グアテマラ人体実験

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